They hiss, heave, and warm the ground beneath our feet, yet decade after decade they refuse to blow. Around the world, restless volcanoes draw tight circles of worry on hazard maps as instruments detect tremor, swelling, and gas pulses that hint at fire still moving below. Scientists call this persistent unrest, a state that can ...
New land does not arrive politely; it explodes into being. In quiet corners of the ocean, pressure builds, magma rises, and a world we’ve never seen meets the surface in a rush of steam and ash. Mariners spot a stain on the water, satellites note a warm blush in the sea, and suddenly a ...
Deep beneath the Earth’s surface, something extraordinary happens before many volcanic ions. In the days, weeks, or even months leading up to these explosive events, volcanoes produce mysterious sounds that scientists have learned to decode. These acoustic signals, invisible to the human ear, hold crucial clues about impending ions and have revolutionized how we monitor ...
The world’s quietest volcanoes may be the ones we can’t see. Antarctica hides entire mountain chains beneath a lid of ancient ice, and when they rumble, the message travels as whispers through frozen valleys and buried lakes. For decades, scientists assumed the ice sheet moved mainly to the tug of climate and ocean, yet a ...
