Picture this: you wake up one morning to find ash falling like snow across your city. The skies turn an ominous gray, temperatures plummet, and the sun becomes a dim memory hidden behind thick volcanic clouds. While it sounds like something from a disaster movie, this scenario has happened before in Earth’s history. Supervolcanoes – ...
Wave-battered and sunlit, ancient coral reefs look like ruins – but they’re anything but silent. Locked inside their stone-white skeletons are timelines of temperature swings, ocean chemistry jolts, and sea-level pulses that outlast empires. The mystery is simple yet profound: how do we reconstruct climates that no instrument ever measured? The answer lives in the ...
A stretch of streaked grey rock in a remote, windy part of northern Quebec has sparked one of geology’s most heated debates. The Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt (NGB) is a rough outcrop on the eastern shore of Hudson Bay. It may have the oldest intact rocks on Earth, dating back an incredible 4.16 billion years14. If ...
